Association of Serum Magnesium Status With Glycemic Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61336/jdme.0501.01Keywords:
Magnesium, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistanceAbstract
Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in glucose transport, insulin receptor signaling, and intracellular metabolic processes, while low magnesium status has been reported in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated the association between serum magnesium concentrations, glycemic control, and insulin sensitivity in adults with T2DM. A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted among 186 adults with established T2DM aged 35–70 years. Serum magnesium was measured using a standardized colorimetric assay, while fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, lipid parameters, renal function, and inflammatory biomarkers were assessed concurrently. Insulin sensitivity was estimated using HOMA-IR and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Participants were categorized into magnesium tertiles according to serum magnesium concentration. Individuals in the lowest magnesium tertile demonstrated higher HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR values and lower estimated insulin sensitivity than participants in the highest tertile. Serum magnesium showed inverse correlations with HbA1c, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and hs-CRP. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, diabetes duration, estimated glomerular filtration rate, medication use, and physical activity, lower serum magnesium remained independently associated with higher HOMA-IR and poorer glycemic control. Participants in the lowest magnesium tertile had approximately 2.7-fold greater odds of suboptimal glycemic control compared with those in the highest tertile. These findings suggest that lower serum magnesium status may be associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and poorer glycemic control among adults with T2DM.
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