Visceral Adiposity in Type 2 Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61336/jdme.0401.05Keywords:
Adiponectin, visceral adiposity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, adipokines, metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, inflammationAbstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone with important anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, and vascular effects, and circulating concentrations are frequently reduced in individuals with visceral adiposity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated serum adiponectin patterns and their relationship with visceral adiposity in adults with T2DM. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 192 adults with established T2DM aged 35–70 years. Anthropometric measurements were obtained, while visceral adipose tissue was quantified using abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. Fasting serum adiponectin, glucose, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and liver enzymes were measured. Participants were categorized into tertiles according to visceral adipose tissue volume. Mean serum adiponectin concentration decreased progressively across increasing visceral adiposity tertiles, with the lowest concentrations observed among participants in the highest tertile. Serum adiponectin demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with visceral adipose tissue volume, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, triglyceride concentration, and hs-CRP. In multivariable analysis, visceral adipose tissue volume remained independently associated with lower serum adiponectin after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, diabetes duration, HbA1c, physical activity, and lipid parameters. Participants with low adiponectin concentrations had a higher prevalence of severe visceral adiposity and insulin resistance than those with higher adiponectin concentrations. The association remained significant after accounting for total body adiposity, suggesting that adiponectin may reflect metabolically active visceral fat rather than overall adiposity alone. These findings support the potential value of serum adiponectin as a metabolic biomarker associated with visceral adiposity in adults with T2DM.
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