Early Metabolic Changes Following Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity and Prediabetes

Abstract

Weight reduction is associated with improvements in glucose metabolism, but metabolic changes may occur even during the early stages of weight loss. This study evaluated early metabolic changes following moderate weight reduction in adults with obesity and prediabetes. A prospective observational study included 138 adults who participated in a 12-week structured weight-management program involving dietary modification and increased physical activity. Anthropometric measurements, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile, and HOMA-IR were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Participants who achieved at least 5% weight reduction demonstrated significant improvements in fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol compared with those who achieved less weight reduction. Improvements in insulin resistance were observed before substantial changes in HbA1c. Greater reductions in waist circumference were also associated with greater metabolic improvement. These findings suggest that moderate weight reduction may produce measurable metabolic benefits within a relatively short period among adults with obesity and prediabetes.